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MARCH-APRIL 2019 | VOLUME 29, NUMBER 3–4
SCIENCE

4 Holes in the Bottom of the Sea:
History, Revolutions, and Future Opportunities
Suzanne OConnell
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April is a combined issue). GSA TODAY is published by The to right): the Chikyu, a riser-equipped platform coring in the western
Geological Society of America Inc. (GSA) with offices at Pacific; the JOIDES Resolution, which recovers cores throughout the
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regardless of race, citizenship, gender, sexual orientation, than 2 km (1.25 mi) beneath the sea floor in a Miocene coalbed 80 km
religion, or political viewpoint. Opinions presented in this (50 mi) off of the Shimokita Peninsula, Japan. Center: Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum cores
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© 2019 The Geological Society of America Inc. All rights 2387-meter-deep water (mbsl). Right core is from Site 1262, Walvis Ridge, South Atlantic, taken at
reserved. Copyright not claimed on content prepared
wholly by U.S. government employees within the scope of 4755 mbsl. Color change shows carbonate dissolution. Right: MSP Expedition 364, Site M0077, cored
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