Page 9 - i1052-5173-29-6
P. 9

Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico: Applied
                                                                                  Geochemistry, v. 63, p. 586–598, https://
                                                                                  doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.04.001.
                                                                                Brocard, G.Y., Willenbring, J.K., Miller, T.E., and
                                                                                  Scatena, F.N., 2016, Relict landscape resistance
                                                                                  to dissection by upstream migrating knick-
                                                                                  points: Journal of Geophysical Research, Earth
                                                                                  Surface, v. 121, p. 1182–1203, https://doi.org/
                                                                                  10.1002/2015JF003678.
                                                                                Buchanan, S., 2017, Federal collaboration yields
                                                                                  radar coverage for Puerto Rico, USVI in wake
                                                                                  of Hurricane Maria: DOD lends radars,
                                                                                  personnel to assist NOAA with weather
                                                                                  forecasts: http://www.noaa.gov/media-release/
                                                                                  federal-collaboration-yields-radar-coverage
                                                                                  -for-puerto-rico-usvi-in-wake-of-hurricane
                                                                                  (accessed April 2018).
                                         A                                  B   Campbell, R.H., Herd, D.G., and Alonso, R.M.,
                                                                                  1985, Preliminary response activities and
                                                                                  recommendations of the USGS Landslide
                                                                                  Hazard research team to the Puerto Rico
                                                                                  landslide disaster of October 7, 1985: U.S.
                                                                                  Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-719,
                                                                                  13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85719.
                                                                                Cangialosi, J.P., Latto, A.S., and Berg, R., 2018,
                                                                                  National Hurricane Tropical Cyclone Report,
                                                                                  Hurricane Irma (AL112017), 30 August–12
                                                                                  September 2017: National Hurricane Center,
                                                                                  https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL112017_
                                                                                  Irma.pdf (accessed April 2018).
                                                                                Center for Hydrometeorology and Remote
                                                                                  Sensing, 2018, Data Portal: http://chrsdata
                                                                                  .eng.uci.edu (accessed April 2018).
                                                                                Daly, C., Helmer, E.H., and Quiñones, M., 2003,
                                                                                  Mapping the climate of Puerto Rico, Vieques
                                                                                  and Culebra: International Journal of
                                                                                  Climatology, v. 23, no. 11, p. 1359–1381,
                                                                                  https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.937.
          Figure 4. Distribution of (A) maximum rainfall and (B) mean mountain rainfall for widespread, fre-  DeGraff, J.V., Bryce, R., Jibson, R.W., Mora, S.,
          quent, isolated, and no landslide-triggering hurricanes and tropical cyclones that affected Puerto   and Rogers, C.T., 1989, Landslides: Their
          Rico between 1960 and 2017 (see [B] in the GSA Data Repository [see text footnote 1]). Rainfall data   extent and significance in the Caribbean, in
          for Hurricane Maria are from the National Hurricane Center (NHC), National Centers for Environ-  Brabb, E., and Harrod, B.L., eds., Landslides:
          mental Prediction (NCEP), and the PERSIANN-Cloud Classification System (CCS). See (A) in the GSA   Extent and Economic Significance: Proceed-
          Data Repository (see text footnote 1) for detailed information on rainfall data sets.
                                                                                  ings 28th International Geological Congress
                                                                                  Symposium on Landslides: Washington, D.C.,
          was an important factor in landslide suscep-  ACKNOWLEDGMENTS           Rotterdam and Brookfield, p. 51–80.
          tibility. Additionally, above-average    We would like to thank Kate Allstadt and two   Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2018,
          antecedent soil moisture levels may have    anonymous reviewers for their insightful reviews   Disasters: https://www.fema.gov/disasters
                                                                                  (accessed April 2018).
          contributed to unprecedented widespread   of our paper. Any use of trade, firm, or product   Hennessy-Fiske, M., 2017, In one Puerto Rico
                                             names is for descriptive purposes only and does
          landsliding throughout mountainous areas   not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.  mountain town, a wall of mud came crashing
          of Puerto Rico, demonstrating that SMAP                                 down: http://www.latimes.com/nation/
          data could be used in the future to assess   REFERENCES CITED           la-na-puerto-rico-landslide-20170924
          landslide susceptibility prior to hurricanes   Bawiec, W.J., editor, 1998, Geology, geochemis-  -story.html (accessed April 2018).
          and tropical storms. We did not observe   try, geophysics, mineral occurrences and   Hernández Ayala, J.J., and Matyas, C.J., 2016,
                                                                                  Tropical cyclone rainfall over Puerto Rico
                                               mineral resource assessment for the Common-
          variable inherent susceptibility to land-   wealth of Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey   and its relations to environmental and
          sliding for geologic bedrock units. Incon-  Open-File Report 98-38, https://pubs.usgs.gov/  storm-specific factors: International Journal
          sistent correlations between landsliding    of/1998/of98-038/ (accessed April 2018).  of Climatology, v. 36, p. 2223–2237,
          and underlying bedrock formations likely   Bessette-Kirton, E.K., Coe, J.A., Godt, J.W.,   https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4490.
          resulted from differences in soil moisture.   Kean, J.W., Rengers, F.K., Schulz, W.H.,   Irizarry Álvarez, F., 2017, Mueren tres
                                                                                  hermanas por derrumbe en Utuado tras paso
                                               Baum, R.L., Jones, E.S., and Staley, D.M.,
          While a detailed landslide inventory is nec-  2017, Map data showing concentration of   de María: http://www.primerahora.com/
          essary for the analysis of localized landslide   landslides caused by Hurricane Maria in   noticias/puerto-rico/nota/muerentres
          susceptibility, the rapid quantification of   Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey data   hermanasporderrumbeenutuadotraspaso
          landslide density proved to be advantageous   release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7JD4VRF.  demaria-1246727/ (accessed July 2018).
          for systematically assessing the impact of   Brocard, G.Y., Willenbring, J.K., Scatena, F.N.,    Jibson, R.W., 1989, Debris flows in southern Puerto
                                                                                  Rico, in Schultz, A.P. and Jibson, R.W., eds.,
          widespread landsliding during an extreme   and Johnson, A.H., 2015, Effects of a   Landslide Processes of the Eastern United States
                                               tectonically-triggered wave on incision on
          precipitation event.                 riverine exports and soil mineralogy in the   and Puerto Rico: Geological Society of America
                                                                                       www.geosociety.org/gsatoday  9
   4   5   6   7   8   9   10   11   12   13   14