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Figure 5.

The lower Niger River System, confluence of the Niger River (from the left) and the Benue River (from right) and the Niger Delta with its extensive oil-production infrastructure. This delta provides an extreme example of the intensified subsidence around production platforms due to oil and gas extraction and is among the world’s most polluted deltaic systems. Inset: Night view of the delta mouth showing intensive flaring of waste gas emanating from oil wells. Credit: ESA and NASA archives.

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