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Figure 2.

(A) Climate, (B–D) plate-tectonic, and (E–H) single-lid indicators for the past 3.0 Ga of Earth’s history. Climate stability and plate-tectonic indicators from Stern (2018). “Boring Billion” from Holland (2006). Single-lid tectonic indicators include (E) A-type granites (Condie, 2014), (F) massif-type anorthosites (Ashwal, 2010), (G) thermobarometric ratios (n = 564; best fit curve from Brown et al., 2020), and (H) numbers of passive continental margins (Bradley, 2011). Fourfold confidence subdivision of Bradley (2011) is simplified into two intervals of higher and lower confidence. UHP—ultra-high pressure.

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