Figure 2. Focal mechanisms (lower hemisphere projection) for shallow (<100 km), major earthquakes (M >5.0) (Dziewonski et al., 1981; Jackson and McKenzie, 1988), indicating nature of fault slip during an earthquake. Mechanisms along North Anatolian fault indicate right-lateral, strike-slip faulting along strike of mapped surface fault; those in western Turkey indicate normal faulting (i.e., white center and dark around the edges); those in Caucasus indicate thrust faulting (dark center and light edges).