| Lithosphere Guidelines | |
| 1. | Manuscript Submission |
| 2. | Supplementary Material |
| 3. | Copyright and Costs |
| 4. | Style |
| 5. | Tables and Figures |
| 6. | Submit a Cover Image |
| 7. | Contact Information |
| 8. | Ethical Guidelines for Publication |
Lithosphere
Tables
Tables should replace text, not duplicate it. The numbering scheme should reflect each table's physical location in the document—tables in main text start with "TABLE 1."; tables in appendix start with "TABLE A1." See our sampletable for further instructions.
GENERAL
- Use a sans serif roman type such as Arial or Helvetica and 7-point type.
- If possible, build the table using Microsoft Word's table utility.
- Do not grid the table with horizontal and vertical lines.
- Use italic type ONLY IF specifically required (e.g., genus and species names).
- Use abbreviations ONLY IF REQUIRED by limited space. Define uncommon and special abbreviations in footnotes.
SYMBOLS
If several items in a table require footnotes, use relative position in the table to determine the order in which footnotes are marked. Use the following sequence for footnotes: *(asterisk), †(dagger), §(sections mark), #(pound symbol), **, ††, §§, ##, ***, †††, §§§, ###, and so on. If asterisks already appear in the table (such as *Ar for radiogenic argon), do not use them in footnotes; start footnotes with a single dagger (†).
Figures
All illustrations, whether line drawings or photographs, are considered figures. GSA prefers electronic files, but sometimes we may have to scan clean hard copy if the files are unusable. To ensure the best possible results, please prepare art for illustrations according to the following guidelines.
| General | Style | Electronic | Fill Patterns | Loose Inserts / Supplements |
General Guidelines for All Figures
- Look at recent articles in the GSA publication in which you plan to publish and compare the look and style of your art with figures accompanying these articles.
- Submit figures as close to final size as possible (see sizing guidelines under "Style").
- All figures should be final, and submitted both electronically and on high-quality laser print paper. Be sure your disk file contains only final figures.
- For photographs, you may substitute photocopies for review purposes, but for final submission, electronic files should be provided in high-quality .tif format.
- Keep at least one "original quality" copy of all figures. GSA cannot be responsible for material that is lost or damaged in the mail.
- Label all figures (both hardcopy and electronic file) with author name, figure number, and file extension, outside of the image area.
- If the figure is to be printed in color, provide high-quality color printouts.
- If illustrations are reproduced without change from another publication, clear acknowledgments must be made. The burden is on the author to obtain copyright clearance if necessary. The following conventional designations should be noted: "after"—possible redrafting but no change in information; "modified from"—some change; "adapted from"—radical changes.
| General | Style | Electronic | Fill Patterns | Loose Inserts / Supplements |  |
Style Guidelines
- Lines and Labels in Graphs, Maps and Legends
- Use clean black lines, no finer than 1 point and no greater than 2 points.
1 pt. Line
2 pt. Line - On maps, please include latitude (°N, °S) and longitude (°W, °E), a north arrow, and a scale in kilometers.
- Graphs must have all axes and lines labeled.
- General titles of illustrations should appear in the figure caption, not in the figure itself.
- Use clean black lines, no finer than 1 point and no greater than 2 points.
- Lettering
- Use a clear, sans serif typeface (Helvetica or Arial).
- All lettering should be between 7 point and 12 point type size.
- Try to keep all text in a figure (including axis labels, contour labels, latitutde and longitude, scale text, inset text, etc.) around the same size to aid reducibility and/or enlargement.
- Avoid making the lettering too large for the figure. This can result in a "cartoonish" appearance.
- Avoid the use of boldface lettering because the open spaces in the letters tend to fill in when reduced.
- Place a white background behind lettering that crosses a dark or textured area in a figure.
- Sizing
- Do not size smaller or larger than these dimensions
Inches Picas Centimeters Page width 7.125 44 18.5 Column width in a 3-column layout 2.33 14 5.9
Column width in a 2-column layout 3.5 21.5 8.9 Page depth 9.5 56.5 22.5
- Do not size smaller or larger than these dimensions
| General | Style | Electronic | Fill Patterns | Loose Inserts / Supplements | |
Electronic Figures
The following native formats work best, as long as the version of the application is noted and the file is labeled with the correct extension: Corel Draw = .cdr, Canvas = .cvs, Freehand = .fh, Illustrator = .ai, and Photoshop = .psd. If you create either .tif or .eps files, they must be between 300 and 600 dpi resolution. Label figure files with author name, figure number, and extension. Make sure that the hard copy of the figure that you send matches the electronic file of the figure. Files created in any application other than those listed above should be saved as a .tif or .eps. We do NOT accept low-resolution (72 dpi) images.
Acceptable Software
- Adobe Illustrator (.ai) Files. This is the most preferable file format. However, this refers to figures actually created in Illustrator, not figures that were created in another program and then imported to Illustrator.
- Canvas (.cvs) Files. Only Canvas 5 or newer is accepted.
- Freehand (.fh) Files. It is best to supply "native" Freehand files.
- Corel Draw (.cdr) Files. Most files can be used with few problems.
- Photoshop (.psd) Files. Most Photoshop files can be used with few problems, just make sure that the resolution is between 300 and 600 dpi.
Best Resolution
Line art with no screening, just black, should be saved as 1200 dpi at 100% size. Line art that has halftone screens or photos should be saved as 600 dpi at 100% size. Photos alone should be saved as 300 dpi (or more). Color images should be saved as 350 dpi at 100% size.
Placed/Imported images
All images that have been placed or imported into your figure file must accompany this file on disk (i.e., if you import a photograph into illustrator called photo.tif, you must supply this photo.tif electronic file along with your Illustrator file).
Digital Camera images
Files created by digital cameras are accepted only if they are submitted in .tiff format and are scaled to 100% at 300-600 dpi. (Be sure that your camera is set for highest resolution for best results.) We do not accept 72 dpi photo images.
Invisible Elements
Many graphics files contain unnecessary "invisible" elements. These are sometimes imported graphics that the creator of the file has traced over and then set not to print. To save out printer time, it is best to delete the unnecessary element rather than just set it not to print.
Color
Please submit your figures in grayscale (b/w) unless you are willing to cover the cost of publishing in color. We are currently offering a greatly discounted rate for color figures. The first figure is free and each subsequent figure is $250.00 per figure. If your manuscript is accepted, you will be supplied with an exact cost quote. If you are willing to pay for color printing, please indicate this clearly in your cover letter or in the manuscript comment section.
| General | Style | Electronic | Fill Patterns | Loose Inserts / Supplements | |
Fill Patterns for scannable artwork
- If possible, use hatched patterns instead of dot fill patterns. When fine or smooth fills are scanned, mottled patterns often result.
- Dot fills must be between 20% and 70% black. The scanner "sees" <20% black as white and >70% black as black.
- Any fills that represent different values in the same illustration must differ by at least 20%. For example, fills that are 20% black and 30% must not be used on the same figure, but fills that are 30% black and 50% black are acceptable for use on the same figure.
| General | Style | Electronic | Fill Patterns | Loose Inserts / Supplements | |
Loose Inserts/Supplements
Loose inserts/supplements (maps, seismic reflections, cross sections, etc.) may be included, and may be printed on one or both sides. Authors must provide both electronic file and hardcopy, sized to the exact publication size, and authors must pay all costs for inserts. These costs include press preparation, printing, folding, handling, and inserting. For questions on loose inserts, contact the managing editor.