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A seamless mix of site-lectures that provide background and field trips that emphasize "hands-on" activities, this program will allow you to spend most of your time outside interacting with the environment. Even transports between sites are designed to allow plenty of time for observation and discussion. It's a common misconception that the geology of the Hawaiian Island, especially the "Big Island" of Hawaii, is only about volcanoes. True, Hawaii Island does display Earth's largest mountain, Mauna Loa, its tallest volcano, Mauna Kea, and the world's most famous active volcano, Kilauea. However, many other geologic features also are displayed on this amazing island. For example, extensive glacial deposits above 10,000 feet on Mauna Kea represent several stages of Pleistocene glacier development. Huge submarine landslide deposits (Earth's largest) cover major undersea portions of the volcanic mountains and the surrounding seafloor 15,000-18,000 feet below sea level. Above the ocean surface major fault scarps are visible, especially along the flanks of Mauna Loa and Kilauea. Coral and stony algal growth in the island's warm coastal waters represent incipient reef structures. Sediment erosion, transport and deposition is evident along the shoreline where ocean currents produce volcanic black sand, olivine green sand and coral/algal sand beaches. And, throughout the 500,000 year history of the surface of Hawaii Island, soils have been developing as a result of the interaction of the island's volcanic rock materials with the atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. The result of these many geologic processes is an island that is an ideal geoscience laboratory where geology comes to life. Cost
Land Costs are based on double occupancy. Please call us for other occupancy arrangement fees. Included: All in-country accommodations, domestic and international air transportation, land transportation, expert local guide, activities, and meals as stated above. Beverages with meals consist of teas, juices, and/or processed water (all bottled water is extra). Not included: Items not specifically mentioned in the itinerary, meals, additional optional activities, airport departure taxes, insurance, gratuities to guides, drivers, or transfer personnel, alcoholic beverages, soft drinks, bottled water, laundry, telephone calls, or any other expense of a personal nature. Please note: A $200 per person deposit is necessary to confirm a booking. In order to guarantee reservations, all deposits should be received no later than 120 days prior to departure date. Failure to do so will result in full cancellation of your booking. This deposit is refundable until 75 days prior to departure excluding a $100 cancellation fee. Final payments are due no later than 75 days prior to departure. Cancellations received less than 75 days prior to departure are not refundable. Air Reservations: Holbrook (trip coordinators) offers discounted airfares to many destinations on American (AA), Continental (CO), Delta (DL), British Airways (BA) and South African Airways (SAA). Please check with your air agent for competitive quotes and carriers available in conjunction with your land program. How to reserve your place
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